世界各國商標註冊~品牌行銷與商標布局
提供與企業跨國品牌行銷的國際貿易與商標法律事務協商、管理與爭議處理。全球專利商標布局、管理與維權。新創公司、投資併購與證券交易。商品及服務國際貿易合約安排。企業及民眾常用合約範本、各種民刑、行政訴訟的介紹。以供參考用之法規介紹,案例簡介、法庭觀察及法律小品文章與範例以供企業與網民參閱。本部落格的文章及其回覆,不代表本所的正式法律意見。如需進行各種商業交易的合法審查、各國商務契約的草擬談判、提起訴訟或應訊應訴、專利布局授權、商標布局授權,如需本所正式法律意見、法律顧問服務、智慧財產權顧問服務、專利商標註冊申請服務、各種智權爭議及訴訟,請就近聯繫台北所02-27595585,新竹所03-6675569。E-mail:info@zoomlaw.net。本所詳細資訊請自行參閱:http://www.zoomlaw.net/files/11-1138-725.php 執行合夥律師 范國華博士敬啟 本部落格於2015.12.07成立。

 

中國商標法規範概況─以2013年之修法為中心

 

眾律國際法律事務所  實習律師邱冠文

一、修法背景

中國商標法於1982年發布以來,歷經1993年、2001年之兩次修法,隨著改革開放以來長期強勁的經濟成長,商業活動蓬勃發展,反應在商標的申請案件,也呈現大幅的成長,特別在2000年以後[1]。截至2012年底,中國的總商標申請量累積高達一千一百三十六萬餘件,其中核准者有七百六十五萬餘件,而目前仍有效而繼續使用者有六百四十萬餘件,這些數量刷新了個別國家商標申請註冊的紀錄[2]

 

國家工商行政管理總局商標局,於2003年開始研擬商標法之修訂草案,歷經十年,於2013830日經人民大會常務委員會通過,自201451日施行,為商標法之第三次修訂。

 

本次修定當中,針對急遽提升之商標申請案件量,有必要改革現有之商標申請系統,提供簡便、清楚說明之申請方式,以為因應[3],例如建立電子化申請系統。此外,從產業發展的觀點,中國已經逐漸從代工的世界工廠當中走出,而朝著建立自有品牌的目標前進,亦發凸顯商標權的保護必要[4],故修法強化了商標權的保護,例如將侵害商標權之行政罰鍰大幅提高,對於惡意申請者(商標蟑螂)之防治,如因合約、商業往來等原因而知悉他人使用在先但尚未註冊之商標時,若有搶註之行為者,經他人提出異議,不予註冊(15條第2)、以連續三年使用做為商標權人主張損害賠償的前提(64)等規範,以嚇阻不肖之徒,並維護市場公平競爭。

 

二、主要修法內容介紹

 

商標申請客體擴及於聲音

關於可申請商標之客體,現行法第8條需為「可視性標誌」,新法將該部分文字刪除,並且增加聲音做為可申請之客體。

 

申請系統之電子化及相關簡便措施

新法22條第3項,商標註冊申請等有關檔,可以以書面方式或者資料電文方式提出,此外現行法同一商標若欲於不同類商品當中使用時,需分別申請,新法於22條第2項當中,對此亦修訂得以一份申請為之,以為簡化。

 

異議制度之修正

現行商標法第30條,不問何人,對於初步審定的商標,均得於公告日起3個月內提出異議,規定過於寬氾,導致實務上發生藉由異議制度,打擊對手、拖延商標取得等影響市場公平競爭之問題。

為改善現行法之缺失,新法將得提出異議之主體加以限縮,並且異議事由亦限於違反法律明定事項者,始得為之。依修正後第33條規定,僅有在先權利人、利害關係人,對於初步審定公告的商標,得以違反本法相關具體規定為由,提出異議[5]

 

引入無效宣告制度

將第五章之章名修改為註冊商標的無效宣告,依新法第4445條,已註冊之商標有違法或以詐欺等不正手段取得者,商標局得依職權,或經其他單位、在先權利人、利害關係人等之請求,將該商標宣告無效。

 

提高行政罰鍰和民事賠償

行政罰鍰之部分,依新法第60條第2項,侵害商標權而為營業者,依據其營業額之多寡,得處五倍或25萬以下之罰鍰。民事之損害賠償部分,將損害賠償之上限由現行之50萬上限提高為300萬,並且針對惡意情節重大者,訂有懲罰性賠償之機制[6](新法第63條參照)

 

三、回顧及展望

此次商標修正案之目的,在於加速並簡化商標審查作業程序,以及強化商標權之保護,並遏止惡意商標註冊之行為,以維護市場公平交易秩序。此次修正涉及諸多實體及程序規定之變革,因此新法公布日和施行日期有長達8個月之過渡期,以提供主管機關和法院、實務工作者調整因應,後續有待新法正式施行後,繼續觀察;此外隨著商標法之修訂,實施細則如何配合提出進一步之具體、配套規則,亦為後續觀察重點。

 

參考資料

1. Tsai Lee & Chen Patent Attorney & Attorneys at Law, China trademark applications reach a new record high (February 12 2014)

 

2. Karen Ip, Gary Lock and Nanda Lau, Better trademark protection in China (September 11 2013 )

 

3. CCPIT Patent & Trademark Law Office, China passes new Trademark Law (September 22 2013 )

 

4. Celia Y. Li and Tai Guo, Policies, Policies, changes and responses -- discussion on the Third Amendment of the PRC Trademark Law (October 18 2013 )

 

5. 經濟部智慧財產局,《中華人民共和國商標法》新舊條文對照表,available at:www.tipo.gov.tw/dl.asp?fileName=311291825019.pdf

 



[1] Karen Ip, Gary Lock and Nanda Lau, Better trademark protection in China, 2013.9.11, available at  http://www.lexology.com/, last visited at 2014/2/25.

[2] Tsai Lee & Chen Patent Attorney & Attorneys at Law, China trademark applications reach a new record high, 2014.2.12, available at http://www.lexology.com/, last visited at 2014/2/25.

[3] Celia Y. Li and Tai Guo, Policies, Changes and Responses -- discussion on the Third Amendment of the PRC Trademark Law, 2013.10.18, available at http://www.lexology.com/, last visited at 2014/2/25.

[4] Tsai Lee & Chen Patent Attorney & Attorneys at Law, supra note 2.

[5] CCPIT Patent & Trademark Law Office, China passes new Trademark Law, 2013.9.22, available at http://www.lexology.com/, last visited at 2014/2/25.

[6] Karen Ip, Gary Lock and Nanda Lau, supra note 1.

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楊宛妮 程序助理  東海大學外國語文學系學士

 

學歷:東海大學外國語文學系學士 (2007-2011)

 

經歷: 美商梅西百貨後勤人員(2011-2012)、何嘉仁國際文教集團專職美語教師(2012-2013)

 

證照與曾受訓練:American TESOL Institute 結業證書 (2012)

 

語言:國語、英語

 

 

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Tiffany Yang     Procedure Assistant

 

Education:

Tunghai Univeristy, Foreign Languages and Literature (2007-2011)

 

Professional Experience:

Recovery , Support Associate, Macy’s at Dadeland Mall, FL, US (2011-2012)

English Teacher at Hess International Educational Organization (2012-2013)

 

Certificate:

Certificate of Completion, American TESOL Institute, FL, US(2012)

 

Languages:

Chinese, English

 

 

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許維蓉 專利工程師 台灣科技大學 專利研究所碩士

學歷 :

國立台北科技大學化工系(在職進修中2013-)

日本國立九州工業大學生命情報(生物資訊)工學府留學生(2012-2013)

國立臺灣科技大學專利研究所碩士(2010-2013)

私立輔仁大學生命科學系學士 (2003-2007)

 

經歷 :

眾律國際法律事務所專利工程師2013-

泰博科技股份有限公司專利部專員 2009-2010

振翔智財股份有限公司專利工程師 2008-2009

疾病管制局行政人員2007-2009

 

專長 :生活科技、醫療器材技術領域;生物技術領域。專利領域:專利說明書撰寫答辯;專利檢索、專利地圖分析、可專利性、FTO分析。

 

證照或訓練課程:

1. 智慧財產培訓學院結訓認證: 專利工程師基礎班、智慧財產權法制班、專利工程師中階班-專利書說明書撰寫實務、品牌商標管理專班、專利爭訟實務班。

2. APEC 智財推廣員認證。

3. 台灣智慧財產管理制度TIPS 自評員認證。

 

著作:

1. 變動中的可專利客體適格性判斷標準 ——「Mayo v. Promethus案」之後/何美瑩、許維蓉、鄭中人專利師期刊(2012)

 

2. 醫療檢測方法專利適格性之探討-以美國聯邦最高法院Prometheus判決為中心。論文發表 (2013)

 

語言:國語、英語、日語、台語

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林志信 專利師/專利顧問/程序主管 清大工程碩士

眾律國際專利商標事務所 專利顧問兼任程序主管

學歷:國立清華大學動力機械工程學系學士(2000)、國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士(2003)、文化大學法律學分班(2010)

經歷:眾律國際法律事務所專利顧問兼任程序主管(2012)、廣流智權事務所專利部主任/專利師(2008-2012)、台灣先智專利商標事務所主任(2004-2008)、德律國際專利商標法律聯合事務所專利工程師(2004)

專長:國內外專利申請、答辯作業、國內外專利舉發/異議、訴願、專利行政訴訟、專利侵害鑑定/分析、迴避設計、專利教育訓練;擅長技術領域:機構、熱流學、控制工程、電機/電子、軟體

證照與曾受訓練:中華民國專利師證書(2011)、APIPA/LHHB專利申請書撰寫技巧及權利完全保護策略訓練課程研習(2011)

著作與演講:微星科技專利課程講師(2011)、「迴避設計:專利爭議的突圍利器」研討會,「專利迴避設計實務」講題主講人(2011年6月)、美國專利複審進行與暫停訴訟審理之關連(2011年3月廣流電子報)、簡介美國專利無效制度(2011年1月廣流電子報)、熱泡式噴墨頭之液滴成形觀測(2003年清大碩士論文)

最近處理過的重大案件:100年度行專訴字第57號

語言:台語、國語、英語

專業社團:專利師公會

 

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Chi-Shin Lin (Jerome Lin) Patent Attorney and Procedure Manager

Education:
Laws Program at Chinese Culture University (2010)
National Tsing Hua University, MSc. in Power Mechanical Engineering (2003)
National Tsing Hua University, BSc. in Power Mechanical Engineering (2000)

Experience:

 Patent Advisor/Patent Attorney, Wideband IP Office
 Advisor, Taiwan Advance Patent & Trademark Office
 Patent Engineer, Direction International Patent Trademark & Law Office

Areas of Specialization:
Taiwan and international patent application,
Patent litigation
Taiwan and international patent review/drafting
Taiwan and international patent briefs and responses
Patent training
Technical areas of expertise: mechanism, thermal/fluid Science, control engineering, electrical/electronics, software

Qualifications and Certificates:
Patent Attorney of R.O.C.
Patent application writing skills and strategies program of APIPA/LHHB

Publications and Invited Talks:
Speaker, “Patent Design Around” Seminar at MSI (June, 2011)
“The Relationship Between US Patent Re-examination and Pause of Examination.” (Wideband News in March, 2011)
“Visualization and Measurement of Droplet Ejection from High-Resolution Thermal-Bubble Inkjet Printhead” (Master Thesis, National Tsing Hua University, 2003)

Memberships and Professional Associations:
Taiwan Patent Attorneys Association

Languages:
Taiwanese, Chinese and English

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陳弘易 專利工程師 台大電機工程碩士

學歷:台灣大學電機工程學系學士(1997)、台灣大學電機工程學研究所碩士(1997-1999)

經歷:工研院電子所/晶片中心工程師/課長(1999-2005)、聯發科技資深工程師/技術副理(2005-2010)、聯發科技新加坡分公司經理(2007-2008)、工研院資訊與通訊研究所經理(2011-2012)

專長:法律特定領域專長、專利特定技術領域專長、類比與混合式訊號半導體積體電路設計、積體電路設計專利發明、積體電路設計專利技術分析

證照與曾受訓練:11篇獲證美國專利、9篇獲證台灣專利、其他獲證之大陸與歐洲專利

著作與演講:18th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop 論文發表(2012)、交大電子工程學系人才培訓中心課程“Data Converters in AFE”講師(2011)、經濟部工業局半導體學院課程“Data Converters for Communications”講師(2004)、中華大學研究所電子相關課程講師(2003-2004)、碩士論文 "同軸電纜等化器的設計與實作”(1999)

語言:台語、國語、英語

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Hung-Yi Chen (Eric Chen) Patent Engineer
 
Education:
National Taiwan University, MSc. in Electrical Engineering (1999)
National Taiwan University, BSc. in Electrical Engineering (1997)

Professional Experience:
Manager of Information and Communication Research Laboratories (ICL), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)
Manager, Mediatek Singapore Pte. Ltd.
Senior Engineer/Technical Manager, Mediatek Inc.
Engineer/Section Manager of ERSO/Soc Center of Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)
Lecturer “Data Converters in AFE”, College of Electrical Engineering of National Chiao-Tung University (2011)
Lecturer “Data Converters for Communications”, Industrial Development Bureau of Economic Affairs (2004)
Lecturer on Electrical Engineering courses at Chung-Hua University

Areas of Specialization:
Analog and Mixed-Signal semiconductor integrated circuit design
Patent innovation on integrated circuit design
Patent analysis on integrated circuit design

Publications and Invited Talks:
Instructor of the proposed thesis in 19th International Mixed-Signal, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop (2012)
“Design and implementation of co-axial cable equalizer” Msc. Thesis, National Taiwan University (1999)

Languages:
Taiwanese, Mandarin and English

 

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廖慧琳 律師/商標顧問 中國中南財經政法大學法學碩士

學歷:中南財經政法大學經濟法學學士(2000-2004)、中南財經政法大學經濟法學碩士(2004-2006)

經歷:技嘉科技股份有限公司法務專員(2006-2008)、眾律國際法律事務所商標律師(2009迄今)

專長:商標申請及爭議案件處理:1、為數十家公司進行申請前檢索及商標地圖分析、全球商標申請策略建議;2、處理商標全球申請、延展(中國、日本、新加坡、韓國、印度、歐盟、美國、加拿大、非洲知識產權聯盟、阿聯、沙烏地、阿根廷、墨西哥、巴西等60多國)8000餘件,熟悉各國商標申請及延展程序;3、艾爾莎商標26國商標所有權移轉及技酷商標11國商標所有權移轉;4、代表客戶處理商標爭議案件談判;5、處理中國、歐盟商標異議申請與答辯、核駁答辯、商標撤銷案件。

證照與曾受訓練:TOEIC英文考試高級(2006)、中國司法考試及格(2008)

語言:國語、英語

 

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Huilin Liao (Lisa Liao)Attorney-at-Law and Trademark Consultant

Education:
Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, LL.M. (2006)
Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, LL.B. (2004)

Professional Experience:
Zoomlaw Attorneys-At-Law, Trademark Consultant
GIGABYTE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD, Legal Specialist

Areas of Specialization:
Trademark application and dispute prosecution
Trademark search and trademarks map analysis
Global trademark filing strategy recommendations
Global trademark applications and renewals (China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, India, the European Union, the United States, Canada, the African Intellectual Property Alliance, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Mexico, Brazil). Over 8,000 cases filed.
ELSA trademark ownership transfer in 26 countries and Gecube trademark ownership transfer in 11countries
Representing clients in trademark disputes negotiations
Dealing with trademark opposition applications & responses
Response to rejections, trademarks cancellation cases in China and the EU

Qualifications and Certificates:
People’s Republic of China Judicial Examination (2009)

Languages:
Chinese and English

 

 

 

 

 

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眾律國際法律事務所 專利工程師暨法務專員林春宏

 

美國柏克萊加州大學 分子生物學士

美國柏克萊加州大學 資訊管理 碩士

加拿大英屬哥倫比亞大學 法律博士

 

2012-12-12

 

 

 

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)

 

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is an international patent law treaty, administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), that provides a unified procedure for filing patent applications.   PCT applications are recognized by the contracting states of the Patent Cooperation Treaty. However, Taiwan is not a contracting state, although Taiwan will accept a priority claim based on an application under the PCT or EPC (European Patent Convention) filed by a citizen of a WTO member state.

 

The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) consists of two phases: (1) international phase and (2) national phase (or regional phase). During the first phase, an international PCT application is filed with a Receiving Office (RO) in one language.   A patent search will be performed by an International Searching Authority (ISA), accompanied by a written opinion regarding the patentability of the invention. The applicant will also have the option of requesting a preliminary examination, performed by an International Preliminary Examining Authority (IPEA). After filing the international application, an applicant will usually have 30 months to enter the national (or regional) phase, with some exceptions. However, Taiwan is not a contracting state of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, so Taiwan does not recognize the 30-month grace period. A citizen of a WTO member state may claim priority by filing a patent application with the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office within 12 months of filing the PCT international application.

 

During the national or regional phase, PCT patent applications will be examined by the national patent office or the regional patent office (such as the European Patent Office) designated by the applicant. The granting of patents will be based on the patentability rules of each nation. Therefore, allowance of patent claims by one national patent office does not necessarily mean that another national patent office will also allow the patent claims. Each national patent office will make autonomous decisions regarding the granting of patents.

 

References:

Taiwan: Intellectual Property Rights Arrangements - International Aspects

http://www.ipo.gov.uk/pro-policy/policy-information/policy-notices/policy-notices-old/policy-notices-taiwan/policy-notices-taiwaninter.htm

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)

http://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/articles/atoc.htm

 

 

 

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眾律國際法律事務所 專利工程師暨法務專員林春宏


美國柏克萊加州大學 分子生物學士

美國柏克萊加州大學 資訊管理 碩士

加拿大英屬哥倫比亞大學 法律博士

 

2012-12-11

 

 

World Trade Organization (WTO) : Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)

 

 

The World Trade Organization (WTO) administers the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which is an international agreement that sets the standards for intellectual property protection among WTO members. Taiwan (Chinese Taipei) became a member of the World Trade Organization on January 1, 2002. WTO members must ensure that their national laws satisfy the requirements specified by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), including the protection and enforcement of copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial designs, geographical indications, etc.

 

According to PART II “Standards Concerning the Availability, Scope and Use of Intellectual Property Rights” of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), WTO members must meet the following standards of protection. For example, Article 12 regarding copyright stipulates: “Whenever the term of protection of a work, other than a photographic work or a work of applied art, is calculated on a basis other than the life of a natural person, such term shall be no less than 50 years from the end of the calendar year of authorized publication, or, failing such authorized publication within 50 years from the making of the work...”

 

In addition, Article 33 sets the term of protection for patents at a minimum of 20 years from the filing date. Article 28 requires that “A patent shall confer on its owner the following exclusive rights: (a) where the subject matter of a patent is a product, to prevent third parties not having the owner's consent from the acts of: making, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing... that product; (b) where the subject matter of a patent is a process, to prevent third parties not having the owner's consent from the act of using the process, and from the acts of: using, offering for sale, selling, or importing... the product obtained directly by that process.” Article 26 specifies that the duration of protection for industrial design must be at least 10 years.

 

 

References:

 

World Trade Organization (WTO)

http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chinese_taipei_e.htm

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)

http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/t_agm3_e.htm

 

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眾律國際法律事務所 專利工程師暨法務專員林春宏

美國柏克萊加州大學 分子生物學士
美國柏克萊加州大學 資訊管理 碩士
加拿大英屬哥倫比亞大學 法律博士

2012-12-10

 

美國食品和藥物管理局 FDA的管理與監督責任

 

美國食品和藥物管理局 (FDA) 是屬於美國衛生和公眾服務部 (HHS) 的一個聯邦機構。美國食品和藥物管理局負責管理與監督食物安全,營養保健品,藥品,疫苗,血液製品,生物製品,醫療器材,電子產品,化妝品,獸藥產品,和煙草製品。

 

美國食品安全現代化法案 (Food Safety Modernization Act FSMA) 在國會獲得通過,並在2011年由美國總統歐巴馬簽署成為法律。新法的目的是確保美國的食品供應是安全的,將重點從應對食品污染轉為預防食品污染。新的法律授權FDA根據風險評估而增加檢查的頻率, 包括國內糧食生產和國外進口食品。營養保健品的監管是根據營養保健品健康與教育法案 (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act) 。

 

美國食品和藥物管理局並控管藥品審批過程 (drug approval process), 非處方櫃檯藥品 (OTC drugs) 和處方藥 (prescription drugs) 的標籤,以及藥品生產標準。另外,FDA控管疫苗 (vaccines) 的批准和製造,確保安全的血液供應,並建立生物製品標準。

 

此外,FDA有權監管醫療設備和某些電子產品,例如那些會發出輻射或超音波的產品。 FDA也有法規確保化妝品和獸醫產品的安全。家庭吸煙預防和煙草控制法 ( Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009) 授權FDA制定煙草產品行銷與標籤的規則。


參考資料:

 

美國食品和藥物管理局 (FDA)

http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/Transparency/Basics/ucm194879.htm

http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/default.htm

 

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眾律國際法律事務所 專利工程師暨法務專員林春宏

美國柏克萊加州大學 分子生物學士
美國柏克萊加州大學 資訊管理 碩士
加拿大英屬哥倫比亞大學 法律博士

2012-12-10

 

The Regulatory Responsibilities of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

 

 

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a federal agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for regulating food safety, dietary supplements, drugs, vaccines, blood products, biologics, medical devices, electronic products, cosmetics, veterinary products, and tobacco products.

 

The FDA Food Safety Modernization Act was passed by the Congress and signed into law by President Obama in 2011. The new law aims to ensure that the food supply in the United States is safe by shifting the focus from responding to food contamination to preventing it. The law has mandated increased inspection frequency based on risk, including domestic food production and foreign food imports. Dietary supplements are regulated as foods according to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.

 

The FDA also regulates the drug approval process, over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceutical drugs and prescription drug labeling, as well as the drug manufacturing standards. In addition, the FDA regulates the approval and manufacturing of vaccines, ensures the safety of blood supply, and establishes biological product standards.

 

Furthermore, the FDA regulates medical devices and certain electronic products such as those that emit electromagnetic radiation or ultrasound. The FDA also ensures the safety of cosmetics and veterinary products. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (2009) gave FDA the authority to set requirements for marketing and labeling of tobacco products.

 

 

 

References:

 

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/Transparency/Basics/ucm194879.htm

http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/default.htm

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